This dataset contains Ffilter samples of known volume of sea water for - PIC (Particulate Inorganic Carbon) - POC (Particulate Organic Carbon) - BGSi (BioGenic Silicon) The dataset also contains transmissometer data. The transmissometer is an attempt at developing a correlation between the PIC filter samples and the transmissometer readings. This is development of methods. The data collection times are logged in the file and filter log sheets.

During the ice stations, sea ice, brine/slush, snow and under-ice water sampling were collected for CO2 concentration measurement as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Ice cores were collected using a Kovacs 9 cm diameter ice corer. The ice core for DIC was cut directly after retrieval with a stainless steel folded saw. The core was cut generally into 10 cm sections (20 cm when ice cores were higher than 200 cm) and put into zip-lock polyethylene bags. Care was taken to use laboratory gloves when collecting the cores. For brine sampling, partial core holes were drilled into the ice (so called sackholes), usually to a depth of 25 cm and 50 cm. At site with flooding, brine collection was not possible, and samples of the surface slush were collected instead. Slush was collected by plastic shovel. Snow samples were also collected. Under-ice water was collected with a Teflon water sampler (GL Science Inc., Japan) 1, 3, 5 m below the bottom of the sea ice. In addition, CTD water sampling was examined at each station. The cores were taken back to the ship, and transferred to the gas tight bag (GL Science Inc., Japan), and then ice was melted at about +4 degrees C in a refrigerator. Melted samples were sub-sampled for each component. The snow samples were treated in the same manner as the sea ice samples for further analysis. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of seawater was determined by coulometry [Johnson et al. 1985] using a coulometer (CM5012, UIC Inc., Binghamton, NY, USA). DIC measurement was calibrated with reference seawater materials (Batch AG; KANSO Technos Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) traceable to the Certified Reference Material distributed by Prof. A. G. Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA). The standard deviation for DIC calculated from 20 subsamples taken from a reference seawater material (DIC = 2084.5 micro mol L-1) was 1.4 micro mol L-1. Data available: excel files containing sampling station name, dates, and DIC concentration.

Oceanographic measurements were collected aboard Aurora Australis cruise au1203, voyage 3 2011/2012, from 5th January to 12th February 2012. The cruise commenced with opportunistic CTD's in the region of the Adelie Depression and the former Mertz Glacier ice tongue, followed by a full south to north occupation of the CLIVAR/WOCE meridional section I9S. A total of 95 CTD vertical profile stations were taken on the cruise, most to within 15 metres of the bottom. Over 1500 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite and silicate), dissolved inorganic carbon (i.e. TCO2), alkalinity, pH, barium (dissolved), and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Full depth current profiles were collected by an LADCP attached to the CTD package, while upper water column current profile data were collected by a ship mounted ADCP. Meteorological and water property data were collected by the array of ship's underway sensors. An array of 5 current meter moorings was recovered from the Antarctic continental slope at the south end of the I9S transect.

Oceanographic measurements were collected aboard Aurora Australis cruise au1402, voyage 2 2014/2015, from 5th December 2014 to 25th January 2015. The cruise commenced with a Casey resupply, followed by work around the Dalton Polynya/Moscow University Iceshelf/Totten Glacier system, and then around the Mertz Glacier region. A total of 141 CTD vertical profile stations were taken on the cruise, most to within 11 metres of the bottom. Over 1000 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite and silicate), dissolved inorganic carbon (i.e. TCO2), alkalinity, helium, 18O, and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Full depth current profiles were collected by an LADCP attached to the CTD package, and bottom video footage was collected by a camera system (also mounted to the CTD package) for most casts. Upper water column current profile data were collected by a ship mounted ADCP. An underway CTD system (P.I. Alex Orsi, Texas A and M University) was used to collected measurements from the aft of the ship along several small transects around the Dalton Polynya. Meteorological and water property data were collected by the array of ship's underway sensors. 10 'Argo equivalent' floats were also deployed in both the Totten and Mertz regions, for an ice float pilot study. Six oceanographic moorings were recovered from around the Dalton Polynya, three Australian and three US (for the US moorings: P.I.'s Alex Orsi, Texas A and M University, Amy Leventer, Colgate University, and Eugene Domack, University of South Florida). Three temporary acoustic sound source moorings were also deployed then recovered in the same area, in support of an autonomous glider deployment (P.I. Craig Lee, University of Washington). Three oceanographic moorings were recovered from the Mertz region, two Australian and one French (P.I. Marie-Noelle Houssais, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, for the French mooring). The data set here includes the CTD and Niskin bottle data, in both text and matlab format. The included README file gives full details on file formats.

Oceanographic measurements were collected aboard New Zealand’s National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) research vessel RV Tangaroa, cruise ta1302 (i.e. NIWA cruise tan1302), from 3rd February to 13th March 2013, sailing from and returning to Wellington. The cruise commenced with a series of stations at the southern end of CLIVAR/WOCE meridional section SR3, followed by work around and offshore of the former Mertz Glacier ice tongue and the Mertz Depression. A series of stations were then taken along 150E and CLIVAR/WOCE zonal section S4, followed by a series of stations on the Campbell Plateau on the transit back to New Zealand. Details of all programs on the cruise, including lowered ADCP data, carbon sampling, geological coring and grabs, bottom camera footage, multibeam data, Argo float deployments and cruise participants, can be found in the voyage report (“RV Tangaroa Voyage Report, Tan1302 – Mertz Polynya Voyage”, unpublished NIWA report, authored by voyage participants). This report discusses the oceanographic data from CTD operations on the cruise. The original primary aim of the cruise was recovery and redeployment of an array of Australian (ACECRC) and French (LOCEAN) moorings in the Mertz region, along with CTD data collection on the shelf. Sea ice cover prevented access by Tangaroa (for the most part) to the shelf, and to any of the mooring sites, and so a secondary project was undertaken - collecting CTD’s on the slope and in canyons offshore of the sea ice. A total of 86 CTD vertical profile stations were taken on the cruise, most to within 12 metres of the bottom. Over 1400 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (silicate and nitrate+nitrite), dissolved inorganic carbon (i.e. TCO2), alkalinity, and isotopes (oxygen, hydrogen and carbon), using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Full depth current profiles were collected by an LADCP attached to the CTD package. Meteorological and water property data were collected by the array of ship's underway sensors. The vessel mounted ADCP, rigged to a pole in the ship’s moonpool, was lost on the transit south. This report describes the processing/calibration of the CTD data, and details the data quality.

Oceanographic measurements were conducted along CLIVAR Southern Ocean meridional repeat transect SR3 between Tasmania and Antarctica from October to December 2001. A total of 135 CTD vertical profile stations were taken, more than half to within 20 m of the bottom. Over 2200 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, CFC's, CCl4, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, 13C, DMS/DMSP/DMSO, halocarbons, barium, barite, ammonia, del30Si, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, particulate silica, 15N-nitrate, 18O, 234Th, 230Th, 231Pa, primary productivity and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Near surface current data were collected using a ship mounted ADCP. Two sediment trap moorings were serviced, and a third mooring was deployed at a new location. A summary of all CTD data and data quality is presented in the data report. This work was completed as part of ASAC project 1335.

Oceanographic measurements were conducted in the Southern Ocean around Heard and McDonald Islands, and in the Prydz Bay region, from January 1992 to March 1992. A total of 168 CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) vertical profile stations were taken, most to near bottom. Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), chlorofluorocarbons, helium, tritium, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, carbon isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, dimethyl sulphide/dimethyl sulphoniopropionate, iodate/iodide, oxygen 18, primary productivity, and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. CTD salinity data have been calibrated against bottle samples, although the calibration quality varies over the cruise. CTD salinity accuracies can be summarised as follows: Stations 1-26: no bottle samples; conductivity calibration from later stations applied; accuracy therefore unknown. Stations 27-102: accuracy approximately 0.005 (PSS78). Stations 83-93: residuals a bit lower than surrounding stations: data uncertainty may be slightly increased. Stations 103-111: no bottle samples; conductivity calibration from surrounding stations applied; accuracy therefore unknown. Stations 112-168: significant increase in data scatter; accuracy approximately 0.010 (PSS78). The bottle data file contains salinities and nutrients. Dissolved oxygen data exist only as titration values recorded on the laboratory analysis sheets. The nutrient data show a fair amount of scatter, particularly when looking at the nitrate vs phosphate ratios. These data should be used with caution. Measurement and data processing techniques are described, and a summary of the data are presented in graphical and tabular form. The fields in this dataset are: oceanography ship station number date start time bottom time finish time cruise start position bottom position finish position maximum position bottom depth pressure temperature (T-90) salinity sigma-T specific volume anomaly geopotential anomaly dissolved oxygen fluorescence photosynthetically active radiation niskin bottle number

Oceanographic measurements were conducted in the Subantarctic Zone south of Tasmania in March 1998. A total of 97 CTD vertical profiles were taken. Over 800 Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, carbon isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, N2O isotopes, pH, oxygen-18, barium, nitrogen-15, arsenic, ammonia, DMS/P, bacteria, silicon-32, particulate silicon, productivity, ETS, pigments, species counts, cytometry, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, urea, copper and iron, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Four sediment trap moorings were recovered, and two were redeployed. The fields in this dataset are: oceanography ship station number date start time bottom time finish time cruise start position bottom position finish position maximum position bottom depth pressure temperature (T-90) salinity sigma-T specific volume anomaly geopotential anomaly dissolved oxygen fluorescence photosynthetically active radiation

Oceanographic measurements were conducted from Tasmania to Antarctica, and then primarily in the Prydz Bay region, from January 1991 to March 1991. A total of 159 CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) vertical profile stations were taken, most to near bottom. Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), chlorofluorocarbons, helium, tritium, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, carbon isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, dimethyl sulphide/dimethyl sulphoniopropionate, iodate/iodide, oxygen 18, primary productivity, and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. Unfortunately, only salinity data from the bottle samples is available due to poor data quality of the nutrient and dissolved oxygen data. CTD salinity data have been calibrated against bottle samples, and are accurate to approximately 0.005 (PSS78). Measurement and data processing techniques are described, and a summary of the data are presented in graphical and tabular form. The fields in this dataset are: oceanography ship station number date start time bottom time finish time cruise start position bottom position finish position maximum position bottom depth pressure temperature (T-90) salinity sigma-T specific volume anomaly geopotential anomaly dissolved oxygen fluorescence photosynthetically active radiation niskin bottle number

Oceanographic measurements were conducted north of Heard Island from August 1993 to October 1993. A total of 58 CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) vertical profile stations were taken, most to near bottom. Niskin bottle water samples were collected for the measurement of salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (phosphate, nitrate+nitrite, silicate), chlorofluorocarbons, helium, tritium, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, carbon isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, dimethyl sulphide/dimethyl sulphoniopropionate, iodate/iodide, oxygen 18, primary productivity, and biological parameters, using a 24 bottle rosette sampler. CTD salinity data have been calibrated against bottle samples. Upcast CTD burst data were no longer available, however comparison of bottle samples to CTD data from the equivalent downcast pressures gives a salinity accuracy of approximately 0.005 (PSS78). The bottle data file contains salinities and dissolved oxygens. Nutrient data exist only in files output from the laboratory analysis program 'DAPA', and are contained on floppy disks held by Andrew Forbes (CSIRO). Measurement and data processing techniques are described, and a summary of the data are presented in graphical and tabular form. The fields in this dataset are: oceanography ship station number date start time bottom time finish time cruise start position bottom position finish position maximum position bottom depth pressure temperature (T-90) salinity sigma-T specific volume anomaly geopotential anomaly dissolved oxygen fluorescence photosynthetically active radiation niskin bottle number